Mars

This must have been the 4th Tuesday in a row for me to get over to the Observatory at Great Ellingham. A great opportunity was taken with good seeing I set about to image Mars. I was not happy with the images taken the previous week, Seeing was very poor and @f20 offered no image stability. So gave it up as a bad job. This Tuesday gone was however a surprising and welcome change. Still low on the horizon at the point of capture. Details teased and flashed with clarity on the screen. Registax processing and some work in Photoshop has revealed a pleasing result. Syrtis Major the largest dark feature demonstrates perfectly the dichotomy of the region as the vast expanse of Arabia Terra extends all the way to the Northern polar cap. Terra Meridiani sweeps across the bottom of the image and out of shot, as Hellas basin also appears bright . Overall I am happy with this image. Visually you can see why astronomers like Giovanni Schiaparelli back in 1877 thought there were canals on the surface. Optical illusions  and the seasonal changes gave this impression of a changing living surface. It was only the Mariner probes in the 60's and 70's that finally dispelled the myths and legends of little green men from Mars.

A bay of rainbows

Without a doubt my favourite area on the lunar surface. Every capture of the bay of rainbows I try to tease out a little more detail. Not the most favourable of seeing as I ran 3000 frames. Processed in registax with my favoured wavelets setting. I think this is the most detail I have managed. My William Optics GT81mm 5 element Apo was the scope of choice with a 2 x barlow and the ZWO ASI120MC camera. Capturing around 40 frames per second for a huge 10.3 Giga bite AVI.

Deep, Deep,Very Deep

My previous post of M97 & M108 required further inspection as I could see numerous faint fuzzies about 20 in all. I have highlighted the brightest in boxes and spent a great deal of time finding a desiganation for them. trawling through known to me and some obscure catalogues like MCG Morphological catalogue of galaxies, Holmber galaxies and the VV catalogue Vorontsov Velyanimov of interacting galaxies.

I was amazed to find a remote galaxy a bright one at that mag 14.6 named

MCG+09-19-018 A galaxy with active galactic nucleus, With a redshift of z=0.03475
we are Looking back time: 467 million light years a new record in distance capture for me.

Position confirmed again by Cartes du Ceil.

My image framed nicely with the glorius M108 shows this rather bright galaxy.

 

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Just when I thought it could not get any better.

 SDSSCGB 24289.1 breaks my distance record with a whopping 2.02 Billion light years. I can safely say that is the first time I have broken the billion light year barrier.

I have framed this small fuzzy against the Owl nebula. Position confirmed again by CDC

 

 

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The best was yet to come.

 

 but my greatest surprise was a 20th mag capture of a distant, sorry I mean VERY VERY VERY distant quasar [VV2006] J111005.6+553532 confirmed in position by Carte du Ceil. This is certainly a record for me that will last a while capturing a z=3.54642 Redshift Quasar an incredible 11.9 Billion yes you read it correctly 11.9 Billion light years away. That equates without a great deal of maths, the light from the earliest universe when it was just 1.7 billion years old. To say I am stunned is an understatement. Framed again against M108 who seems to just get bigger. Is the faintest couple of pixels I have ever captured. No enhancement of this image exept levels & curves in Photoshop.

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I am just wondering what I can do next to top this.

M97 & M108

 First of all this will be my 200th post and I just want to thank all those who are new and regular visitors to my blog.

               Despite being circumpolar for us in the UK and visually through the scope an easily detectable pair I have never imaged The very photogenic pair of M108 & M97.

We will start with M108 (Ngc3556). It seems At 46 million light years away, There is a lot going on with this Barred spiral galaxy.  Viewed nearly edge on from our perspective. Close examintion shows expanding shells of hydrogen gas giving rise to many star forming regions. Chandra X ray observatory also detects a number of X ray sources hinting of an intermediate sized black hole in the galaxies heart.

 

Moving now 10,000 times closer we move within our own galaxy to the aptly named OWL nebula on M97 (Ngc3587) Discovered in 1781 early drawings were likened to an owl and known as that since then. A wonderful example of a planetary nebula, An expanding shell of material thrown off from a dying star around 8000 years ago. The progenitor star is around 14th magnitude and easily visible in my 2 hour capture.

Unfortunatly there seems to be a little interference from the nearby star Merak producing some definatly unwated light rays across the image. Other than that I quite like it .......Twit Twooo........

M88

Between 50 to 60 million light years away lies M88 a member of the virgo cluster of galaxies. An Sbc galaxy inclined by 64 degrees to our line of sight. My 3 hour 20 minute image shows some nice structure in some tightly wound spiral arms.

 

 

A dozen plus more Ngc & Ic galaxies have been captured here down to 16th mag.

More Mosaic fun

Taken 8th March with my home set up using the FLT-110 and the ASI 120MC.
This was the first test and I had set the gain to 0. It has made the capture lack detail and contrast and also underexposed. So a little experimentation will be required to increase the level of details captured during exposure.

This is a 2 pane mosaic of the Norhtern Appennine mountains.
Not my best effort but a capture of a very nice area.

M101 Galaxy

The Pinwheel Galaxy, M101, NGC 4547 was discovered in 1781. The observation was subsequently passed onto Messier who confirmed it's position and was one of his final additions to the catalogue. Estimated to be approx 70% larger than our own galaxy at a distance of 21 Million light years. I am happy with this capture of 3 hours 20 minutes in 20 minute sub exposures. calibrated in Maxim DL and processed in photoshop. Ha regions can be seen and I am very pleased with the detail all the way to the core of this beautiful showpiece galaxy.

 

Celestron C9.25

Tuesday night was a good night with reasonable seeing. We that is Myself and fellow BAS Member Richard Harmon had a second opportunity to have an imaging session with his Celestron C9.25. Using the societies new Ioptrom IEQ45 mount (same as my own)We tested and were happy with the balance / polar alignment & collimation. Having made more sense of the instruction manual for the ZWO camera we connected and started up firecapture. A recommended programme that comes with the driver software for image acquisition. It seems to be well respected with a great deal of control. I tested the camera for the first time last week (Pic right) using no gain at all. Initial results of Jupiter last week were under saturated. However the software recommend a setting of 50%, with an active histogram scale showing saturation, a new set of captures were initiated. Dew quickly covered the optics and required de misting every 10 minutes. Inbetween that some nice captures were collected.

First up was Jupiter. Working at f20 images were much brighter. This will be a learning curve I am sure because the quality is not as good as some I have seen posted, Anyway here is the first effort. The shadow of Callisto can be seen quite clearly. At about half past nine on the disc's edge you can just see the great red spot. Image capture was at 640 x 560 at 35 frames per second approx 4000 frames with the best 65% processed with wavelets in Registax. An unsharp mask and despeckle and colour boost was used in photoshop.  This was the best jupiter we got So I turned my attention to the lunar disc whilst hot drinks were being made inside.

My first lunar target was Clavius after another de-misting.  A run of just 38 seconds a @ 16 frames per second size of 1280 x 960 is the largest size, this does slow up the frames per second though. Like I said a learning curve and a lot of practice needed to get things right!!!

Watching the capture on the screen was amazing. Moments of perfect seeing were staggering as craters came into perfect focus. Only 600 frames capture and the best 80% stacked gave me this one.  

 

Not a great deal of processing needed. An unsharp mask and contrast boost. The focus appears to bring the image toan almost 3D perspective. This was just luck as I was concentrating on the central craters. No electronic focus on the 9.25 so there was a bit of scope movement with the micro adjustments made. Still very pleased with this one.

Not sure what happened to Copernicus. It appears the capture was just 7 seconds and about 100 frames. I did not take another shot must have been drinking the coffee at that point? A lovely image though with the walls well defined and central peaks have contrast down the slopes. The view from the top must be amazing.

The Vallis Alpes or the Alpine valley is a valley feature that bisects the Montes Alpes range. Running for 166km and at it's widest is 10km. Not the best illumination here as there is no shadow or contrast to show the escarpment.

A bit of wandering around landed me on top of Crater Archmedes. Same resolution as before for this 83km crater. No central peaks like Copernicus suggest that the crated floor filled with lava to conceal any peaks. No ejecta ray system either that is usaually associated with the younger craters, telling us of it's early formation. Not so happy with this image, again only a few hundred frames.

 

By now it was getting late and everyone wanted to pack up & go. My last quick capture was of course Plato. My favourite crater on the lunar surface, since my first view through a scope. I just remember thinking wow which one is that. It just stood out above all others. The smooth surface just caught my interest.

I have caught some of the craterlets on the lava fllor so that also takes care of number 83 of the lunar 100.....

 

Fire in the sky.

Came home from work to a starry sky above. Whilst eating my tea weather forecast came on. Look out for tonight Aurora they said seen as far down as Devon.

I am quite lucky to have fields behind my house and a un polluted sky. So I grabbed the camera and took these. My first Aurora from Norfolk.
Taken with the Canon 40d 18-55mm lens at 18mm f5.0 Various exposure lenths from 30 seconds upwards

Near Earth Asteroid 2014 CR

A near-Earth object (NEO) is a Solar System object whose orbit brings it into proximity with Earth. 2014CR pictured here in the little box was captured by me tonight It will pass the earth in the next 2 days approx 8.3 times further than the moon. Not considered a hazard to us, but if it were at
an estimate of 130 metres it could do a great deal of damage travelling at 27.000 MPH. When you consider that the meteor crater in Arizona was formed by an object
just 50 metres across. Food for thought hey...................

Cropped image from the original below.

Full Frame with no darks/ flats used. hence the dust donuts.

Stellarium screen print from 21.00 hrs tonight.

Lunar 100

Objects in the Lunar 100 are arranged from the easiest to view to the most difficult. This is more systematic than the haphazard approach that produced the Messier list. Indeed, just by knowing a feature's Lunar 100 number, you have some idea of how easy or challenging it will be to see. For example, the Moon itself is L1, while L2 is earthshine and L3 is the light/dark dichotomy between lunar highlands and maria ("seas"). I'd be surprised if anyone reading this couldn't tick those off the list right now. Higher-numbered objects are smaller, less conspicuous, or positioned closer to the limb, making them more challenging to locate and view. I was going to wait until the list was more complete before posting. My aim of course is to complete the list and image all 100. I could cheat by just posting a pic of the full moon and complete 99%. But where is the fun in that.. .  I hope you enjoy my list L Image List Feature Name Significance Lat. Long. Diam.(km) Rükl Chart (°) (°) 1    Moon Large satellite — — 3,476 — 2 Earthshine Twice reflected sunlight — — — — 3 Mare/highland dichotomy Two materials with distinct compositions — — — — 4 Apennines Imbrium basin rim 18.9N 3.7W 70 22 5   Copernicus Archetypal large complex crater 9.7N 20.1W 93 31 6 Tycho Large rayed crater with impact melts 43.4S 11.1W 85 64 7 Altai Scarp Nectaris basin rim 24.3S 22.6E 425 57 8 Theophilus, Cyrillus, Catharina Crater sequence illustrating stages of degradation 13.2S 24.0E — 46, 57 9 Clavius Lacks basin features in spite of its size 58.8S 14.1W 225 72 10 Mare Crisium Mare contained in large circular basin 18.0N 59.0E 540 26, 27, 37, 38 11 Aristarchus Very bright crater with dark bands on its walls 23.7N 47.4W 40 18 12 Proclus Oblique-impact rays 16.1N 46.8E 28 26 13 Gassendi Floor-fractured crater 17.6S 40.1W 101 52 14 Sinus Iridum Very large crater with missing rim 45.0N 32.0W 260 10 15 Straight Wall Best example of a lunar fault 21.8S 7.8W 110 54 16 Petavius Crater with domed & fractured floor 25.1S 60.4E 177 59 17    Schröter's Valley Giant sinuous rille 26.2N 50.8W 168 18 18 Mare Serenitatis dark edges Distinct mare areas with different compositions 17.8N 23.0E N/A 24 19 Alpine Valley Lunar graben 49.0N 3.0E 165 4 20 Posidonius Floor-fractured crater 31.8N 29.9E 95 14
21 Fracastorius Crater with subsided & fractured floor 21.5S 33.2E 124 58 22 Aristarchus Plateau Mysterious uplifted region mantled with pyroclastics 26.0N 51.0W 150 18 23 Pico Isolated Imbrium basin-ring fragment 45.7N 8.9W 25 11 24 Hyginus Rille Rille containing rimless collapse pits 7.4N 7.8E 220 34 25 Messier & Messier A Oblique ricochet-impact pair 1.9S 47.6E 11 48 26 Mare Frigoris Arcuate mare of uncertain origin 56.0N 1.4E 1600 2–6 27 Archimedes Large crater lacking central peak 29.7N 4.0W 83 12, 22 28 Hipparchus First drawing of a single crater 5.5S 4.8E 150 44, 45 29 Aridaeus Rille Long, linear graben 6.4N 14.0E 250 34 30 Schiller Possible oblique impact 51.9S 39.0W 180 71 31 Taruntius Young floor-fractured crater 5.6N 46.5E 56 37 32 Arago Alpha & Beta Volcanic domes 6.2N 21.4E 26 35 33 Serpentine Ridge Basin inner-ring segment 27.3N 25.3E 155 24 34 Lacus Mortis Strange crater with rille & ridge 45.0N 27.2E 152 14 35 Triesnecker Rilles Rille family 4.3N 4.6E 215 33 36 Grimaldi basin A small two-ring basin 5.5S 68.3W 440 39 37 Bailly Barely discernible basin 66.5S 69.1W 303 71 38 Sabine & Ritter Possible twin impacts 1.7N 19.7E 30 35 39 Schickard Crater floor with Orientale basin ejecta stripe 44.3S 55.3W 227 62 40 Janssen Rille Rare example of a highland rille 45.4S 39.3E 190 67, 68
41 Bessel ray Ray of uncertain origin near Bessel 21.8N 17.9E N/A 24 42 Marius Hills Complex of volcanic domes & hills 12.5N 54.0W 125 28, 29 43 Wargentin A crater filled to the rim with lava or ejecta 49.6S 60.2W 84 70 44 Mersenius Domed floor cut by secondary craters 21.5S 49.2W 84 51 45 Maurolycus Region of saturation cratering 42.0S 14.0E 114 66 46 Regiomontanus central peak Possible volcanic peak 28.0S 0.6W 124 55 47 Alphonsus dark spots Dark-halo eruptions on crater floor 13.7S 3.2W 119 44 48 Cauchy region Fault, rilles, & domes 10.5N 38.0E 130 36 49 Gruithuisen Delta & Gamma Volcanic domes formed with viscous lavas 36.3N 40.0W 20 9 50 Cayley Plains Light, smooth plains of uncertain origin 4.0N 15.1E 14 34 51 Davy crater chain Result of comet-fragment impacts 11.1S 6.6W 50 43 52 Crüger Possible volcanic caldera 16.7S 66.8W 45 50 53 Lamont Possible buried basin 4.4N 23.7E 106 35 54 Hippalus Rilles Rilles concentric to Humorum basin 24.5S 29.0W 240 52, 53 55 Baco Unusually smooth crater floor & surrounding plains 51.0S 19.1E 69 74 56 Australe basin A partially flooded ancient basin 49.8S 84.5E 880 76 57 Reiner Gamma Conspicuous swirl & magnetic anomaly 7.7N 59.2W 70 28 58 Rheita Valley Basin secondary-crater chain 42.5S 51.5E 445 68 59 Schiller-Zucchius basin Badly degraded overlooked basin 56.0S 45.0W 335 70, 71 60 Kies Pi Volcanic dome 26.9S 24.2W 45 53 61 Mösting A Simple crater close to center of lunar near side 3.2S 5.2W 13 43 62 Rümker Large volcanic dome 40.8N 58.1W 70 8 63 Imbrium sculpture Basin ejecta near & overlying Boscovich & Julius Caesar 11.0N 12.0E — 34 64 Descartes Apollo 16 landing site; putative region of highland volcanism 11.7S 15.7E 48 45 65 Hortensius domes Dome field north of Hortensius 7.6N 27.9W 10 30 66 Hadley Rille Lava channel near Apollo 15 landing site 25.0N 3.0E — 22 67 Fra Mauro formation Apollo 14 landing site on Imbrium ejecta 3.6S 17.5W — 42 68 Flamsteed P Proposed young volcanic crater & Surveyor 1 landing site 3.0S 44.0W 112 40 69 Copernicus secondary craters Rays & craterlets near Pytheas 19.6N 19.1W 4 20 70 Humboldtianum basin Multi-ring impact basin 57.0N 80.0E 650 7 71 Sulpicius Gallus dark mantle Ash eruptions northwest of crater 19.6N 11.6E 12 23 72 Atlas dark-halo craters Explosive volcanic pits on the floor of Atlas 46.7N 44.4E 87 15 73 Smythii basin Difficult-to-observe basin scarp & mare 2.0S 87.0E 740 38, 49 74 Copernicus H Dark-halo impact crater 6.9N 18.3W 5 31 75 Ptolemaeus B Saucerlike depression on the floor of Ptolemaeus 8.0S 0.8W 16 44 76 W. Bond Large crater degraded by Imbrium ejecta 65.3N 3.7E 158 4 77 Sirsalis Rille Procellarum basin radial rilles 15.7S 61.7W 425 39, 50 78 Lambert R A buried "ghost" crater 23.8N 20.6W 54 20 79 Sinus Aestuum Eastern dark-mantle volcanic deposit 12.0N 3.5W 90 33 80 Orientale basin Youngest large impact basin 19.0S 95.0W 930 50
81 Hesiodus A Concentric crater 30.1S 17.0W 15 54 82 Linné Small crater once thought to have disappeared 27.7N 11.8E 2.4 23 83 Plato craterlets Crater pits at limits of detection 51.6N 9.4W 101 3, 4 84 Pitatus Crater with concentric rilles 29.8S 13.5W 97 54 85 Langrenus rays Aged ray system 8.9S 60.9E 132 49 86 Prinz Rilles Rille system near the crater Prinz 27.0N 43.0W 46 19 87 Humboldt Crater with central peaks & dark spots 27.0S 80.9E 207 60 88 Peary Difficult-to-observe polar crater 88.6N 33.0E 74 4, II 89 Valentine Dome Volcanic dome 30.5N 10.1E 30 13 90 Armstrong, Aldrin & Collins Small craters near the Apollo 11 landing site 1.3N 23.7E 3 35 91 De Gasparis Rilles Area with many rilles 25.9S 50.7W 30 51 92 Gylden Valley Part of the Imbrium radial sculpture 5.1S 0.7E 47 44 93 Dionysius rays Unusual & rare dark rays 2.8N 17.3E 18 35 94 Drygalski Large south-pole region crater 79.3S 84.9W 162 72, VI 95 Procellarum basin The Moon's biggest basin? 23.0N 15.0W 3200 — 96 Leibnitz Mountains Rim of South Pole-Aitken basin 85.0S 30.0E — 73, V 97 Inghirami Valley Orientale basin ejecta 44.0S 73.0W 140 61 98 Imbrium lava flows Mare lava-flow boundaries 32.8N 22.0W — 10 99 Ina D-shaped young volcanic caldera 18.6N 5.3E 3 22 100 Mare Marginis swirls Possible magnetic field deposits 18.5N 88.0E — 27, III
Also included here is the handy observing / Imaging guide for day by day. Day 2 2 Earthshine 10 Mare Crisium 16 Petavius 56 Mare Australe 70 Humboltianum Basin (Mare Humboltianum) 73 Mare Smythii 85 Langrenus rays 87 Humboldt 100 Mare Marginis swirls Day 3 58 Rheita Valley (Vallis Rheita) Day 4 12 Proclus 25 Messier & Messier A 31 Taruntius 40 Janssen Rille (Rima Janssen) 48 Cauchy region 72 Atlas dark halo craters Day 5 7 Altai Scarp (Rupes Altai) 8 Theophilus, Cyrillus, Catherina 18 Mare Serenitatus dark edges 20 Posidonius 21 Fracastorius 26 Mare Frigoris 32 Arago Alpha & Beta 33 Serpentine Ridge (Dorsa Smirnov) 34 Lacus Mortis 38 Ritter & Sabine 53 Lamont 55 Baco 90 Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins Day 6 24 Hyginus Rille (Rima Hyginus) 28 Hipparchus 29 Ariadaeus Rille (Rima Ariadaeus) 35 Triesnecker Rille (Rimae Triesnecker) 41 Bessel ray 45 Maurolycus 50 Cayley Plains 63 Imbrium sculpture 64 Descarte 71 Sulpicus Gallus 82 Linne 89 Valentine dome 93 Dionysius rays Day 7 4 Apennines (Montes Apenninus) 19 Alpine Valley (Vallis Alpes) 27 Archimedes 46 Regiomontanus central peak 66 Hadley Rille (Rima Hadley) 75 Ptolemaeus B 76 W. Bond 88 Peary 92 Gylden Valley Day 8 15 Straight Wall (Rupes Recta) 47 Alphonsus 51 Davy crater chain 61 Mosting A 79 Sinus Aestuum 83 Plato craterlets 96 Leibnitz Mountains 99 Ina caldera Day 9 5 Copernicus 6 Tycho 9 Clavius 14 Sinus Iridum 60 Kies Pi 65 Hortensius dome 67 Fra Mauro formation 69 Copernicus secondary craters 74 Copernicus H 78 Lambert R 81 Hesiodus A 84 Pitatus 94 Drygalski Day 10 13 Gassendi 30 Schiller 49 Griuthuisen Delta & Gamma 54 Hippalus Rilles (Rimae Hippalus) 59 Schiller-Zucchius basin 68 Flamsteed P 98 Imbrium lava flows Day 11 11 Aristarchus 17 Schroter’s Valley 22 Aristarchus Plateau 39 Schickard 42 Marius Hills 44 Mersenius 57 Reiner Gamma 86 Prinz Rilles (Rimae Prinz) 91 De Gasparis Rilles (Rimae De Gasparis) Day 12 37 Bailly 43 Wargentin 62 Rumker Hills (Mons Rumker) 77 Sirsalis Rille (Rima Sirsalis) Day 13 36 Grimaldi basin 52 Cruger 80 Orientale Basin (Mare Orientale) 97 Inghirami Valley (Vallis Inghirami) Day 14 1 Moon 3 Mare/highland dichotomy 95 Procellarum Basin Days 15-16-17 10 Mare Crisium 12 Proclus 16 Petavius 25 Messier & Messier A 31 Taruntius 40 Janssen Rille (Rima Janssen) 56 Mare Australe 58 Rheita Valley (Vallis Rheita) 70 Humboldtianum basin 72 Atlas dark-halo crater 73 Smythii basin (Mare Smythii) 85 Langrenus rays 87 Humbolt 100 Mare Marginis swirls Days 18-19-20 7 Altai Scarp (Rupes Altai) 8 Theophilus, Cyrillus, & Catharina 18 Mare Serenitatus dark edges 20 Posidonius 21 Fracastorius 29 Ariadeus Rille (Rima Ariadeus) 32 Arago Alpha & Beta 33 Serpentine Ridge (Dorsa Smirnov) 34 Lacus Mortis 38 Sabine & Ritter 41 Bessel ray 45 Maurolycus 48 Cauchy region 50 Cayley plains 53 Lamont 55 Baco 63 Imbrium sculpture 64 Descarte 71 Sulpicius Gallus dark mantle 82 Linne 89 Valentine dome 90 Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins 93 Dionysius rays Days 21-22 4 Apennines (Montes Apenninus) 5 Copernicus 6 Tycho 9 Clavius 15 Straight Wall (Rupes Recta) 19 Alpine Valley (Vallis Alpes) 23 Pico 24 Hyginus Rille (Rima Hyginus) 26 Mare Frigoris 27 Archimedes 28 Hipparchus 35 Triesnecker Rilles (Rimae Triesnecker) 46 Regiomontanus central peak 47 Alphonsus dark spots 51 Davy crater chain 61 Mosting A 66 Hadley Rille (Rima Hadley) 67 Fra Mauro formation 69 Copernicus secondary crater 74 Copernicus H 75 Ptolemaeus B 76 W. Bond 78 Lambert R 79 Sinus Aestuum 81 Hesiodus A 83 Plato craterlets 84 Pitatus 88 Peary 92 Gylden Valley 94 Drygalski 96 Leibnitz Mountains 99 Ina Caldera Days 23-24-25 13 Gassendi 14 Sinus Iridum 30 Schiller 49 Gruithuisen Delta & Gamma 54 Hippalus Rille (Rima Hippalus) 59 Schiller-Zucchias basin 60 Kies Pi 65 Hortensius domes 68 Flammsteed P 98 Imbrium lava flows Days 26-27-28 11 Aristarchus 17 Schroter’s Valley 22 Aristarchus Plateau 36 Grimaldi 37 Bailly 39 Schickard 42 Marius Hills 43 Wargentin 44 Mersenius 52 Cruger 57 Reiner Gamma 62 Rumker Hills (Mons Rumker) 77 Sirsalis Rille (Rima Sirsalis) 80 Orientale basin 86 Prinz Rilles (Rimae Prinz) 91 De Gasparis Rilles (Rimae De Gasparis) 97 Inghirami Valley (Vallis Inghirami)